Customs. Greetings. During Your Business Trip, It’S Important

CUSTOMS Greetings During your business trip, it’s important to learn the correct ways of greeting Saudi’s to form a good first impression. This can be key for the success of your business trip. When greeting, you should show respect by starting with the most senior person first. Greetings can differ in many situations, for instance, men shake hands with men, and women shake hands with other women. A man greeting a woman should be guided by her behavior and women should wait and see how the male greets them. Men should not look, or talk to the women unless they have already been introduced. A simple way to avoid mistakes, is to simply put your hand over your heart. Once introduced it’s customary to inquire about general things like their†¦show more content†¦You can join that conversation, but shouldn’t return to your topic until that previous person has left. In western cultures, the person who asks the most questions holds the most responsibility but in Saudi Arab ia, that person is considered to be the least respected or least important. For this reason, if you are in a business meeting in Saudi Arabia, it is advised not to ask all the question (Saudi Arabia, n.d.). In general, the process of negotiating and making decisions is very slow. Business decisions are made by the highest-ranking person and take several visits to accomplish. They usually need many layers of approval and can also easily be changed. (Saudi Arabia Guide, n.d.) Business Agenda The business agenda for your meeting but may have better success â€Å"scheduling a specific meeting once you have arrived in Saudi Arabia.† (The Saudi Network, n.d.). Among certain obligations for Muslims are to pray five times a day - at dawn, noon, afternoon, sunset, and evening. (Commiscro Global Consultancy LTD 2016, n.d.). They have to stop working when the time came. The exact time is listed in the local newspaper each day. Friday is the Muslim holy day, so everything is closed. Many companies also close on Thursday, making the weekend Thursday and Friday† (Commiscro Global Consultancy LTD 2016, n.d.). Accessibility Upon travel to Saudi Arabia,Show MoreRelatedA Note On Making A Connection1776 Words   |  8 PagesMaking a Connection Other than word of mouth, business cards are essential when trying to make a business connection. It is always important to always carry business cards because making a connection be spontaneous or even when seeking business partners or deals, it often starts with a business card being exchanged. First impression are everything and your card represents you and your company. Singapore – your name, title and company: one side should be printed in English and the reverse side shouldRead MoreInternational Business Develop Fast2198 Words   |  9 Pages Today,international business develop fast,it is important to communicate in different cultures .we should understand the difference which exist between other culture and ours. everyone from different countries or culture is quite different,it is required that we have to know a little bit about other cultures,for example,a word can have several meanings referring different cultural background.How to avoid misunderstand or even conflict, it is a problem we need to think about and solve. In mostRead MoreEssay on Introduction to Singapore4540 Words   |  19 PagesChesterton made a good statement considering the business worlds increasing globalization where an understanding of international protocol has become more a necessity than a choice. 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The services of a host of a reputable Public Relations firm is recommended for detailed work involving meeting and negotiatingRead MoreEssay on Japanese Business Etiquette4018 Words   |  17 Pages Japanese Business Etiquette Content: I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Introduction II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  History a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is the country ¡Ã‚ ¦s political tradition? b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Is there a dictatorship or other form of the government which means that the government will be closely involved in your efforts? c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Is there a history of colonization or occupation by another state? d.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Are there any tensions with neighbors? e.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Is the country secular or not? f.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Religion? III.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Concepts for doing business a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How doesRead MoreGlobal Business Cultural Analysis South Korea7932 Words   |  32 PagesGlobal Business Cultural Analysis South Korea By: Erik Mays Liberty University BUSI 604 Dr. Romanoski May 9, 2014 Abstract In this research paper I will be analyzing the cultural perspectives of doing business in South Korea. In doing so, I will be answering the four major questions as it relates to the major Elements and Dimensions of culture in South Korea. Also, since the dimensions of culture in any nation are many, it is necessary to analyze each category that makes up the DimensionsRead MoreBrazil Culture17445 Words   |  70 PagesISTANBUL UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION JANUARY 2007 .INDEX Preface†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 List of Tables†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 I. INTRODUCTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 II.CULTURAL PATTERNS OF BRAZIL†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. A. Social Institutions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1. Historical†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 2. Geographical†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7 3. Demographical†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 8 4. Political†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 10 5. Economic†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13Read MoreA Comparison Between Chinese Etiquette and the Western Etiquette5197 Words   |  21 Pagesä ¸ ­Ã¨ ¥ ¿Ã¦â€" ¹Ã§ ¤ ¼Ã¤ » ªÃ¦â€"‡åÅ'â€"Ã¥ · ®Ã¥ ¼â€š-生æ ´ »Ã§â„¢ ¾Ã§ §â€˜ With China entry the WTO and will hold the Olympic games in 2008, the relationship between China and Western in politics, economy, culture will become more and more close. It is undoubtedly that the etiquette will play an important role in this process. To the definition of etiquette, China and Western have a different understanding. As Chinese thinks that the etiquette is the common behavior standards that all the members must obey, and its purpose is to keep the normal living orderRead MoreStarting Up a Travel Agency7255 Words   |  30 Pagesmanagement and marketing. 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This paper also looks into some of concepts and theories in intercultural and Cross-cultural communication, thus providing

Research Proposal Electronic Health Records Free Essays

string(48) " that the computer literacy rate was high \(72\." Effects of Technological Experience on Adoption and Usage of Electronic Health Records Introduction The integration of electronic health records in the IT infrastructures supporting medical facilities enables improved access to and recording of patient data, enhanced ability to make more informed and more-timely decisions, and decreased errors. Despite these benefits, there are mixed results as to the use of EHR. The aim of this research is to determine if medical health professionals who lack experience with technology are slower to adopt and use electronic health records (EHR). We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal Electronic Health Records or any similar topic only for you Order Now Research has shown that the healthcare industry is plagued by rapidly increasing costs and poor quality. The United States medical care is the world’s most costly, but its outcomes are mediocre compared with other industrialized, and some non-industrialized, nations. Medical errors are a major problem resulting in upwards of 98000 deaths a year; as a result, patient safety has become a top priority. The healthcare system has been slow to take advantage of EHR and realize the benefits of computerization: that is, to improve access to records and patient data, to reduce incorrect dose errors, avoid drug interactions, and ensure the right patient is in the operating room (Noteboom 2012). Despite the obvious benefits a 2007 survey by the American Hospital Association reported that only 11% of hospitals had fully implemented EHR. Another study by Vishwanath Scamurra reported less than 10% of physicians in different practices and settings in the US use EHR. Blumenthal (2009) cites only 1. 5% of US hospitals have comprehensive EHR systems. A similar 2009 study by the American Hospital Association shows less than 2% of hospitals use comprehensive EHR and about 8% use a basic EHR in at least one care unit. These findings indicate the adoption of HER continues to be low in US hospitals (Manos, 2009). Understanding the reason for the lack of technological integration is pivotal to securing quality and affordable medical care. Education expert Mark Prensky (2001) defined two terms, digital natives and digital immigrants, which he used to describe those who have an innate ability for technology from an early age (native) and those who are slower to learn and adopt it (immigrant). This disparity is suggested to play a key role in the ability and desire of professional to use technological solutions in their day-to-day activities. Our intent is to expand this possibility to medical health professionals’ use of electronic health records. Our research will attempt to determine if being native to technology has any impact on a practitioner’s desire to incorporate information technology in to their work routine. We will also see if natives have perform better in health information settings as has been shown in other areas. Previous Research A 2008 study by DesRoches et al. attempted to discern barriers to the adoption of electronic health records. The authors conducted a survey of physicians registered in the masterfile of the American Medical Association, excluding Doctors of Osteopathy. The authors listed 4 basic reasons the respondents could choose from; financial barriers, organizational barriers, legal barriers, and barriers from the state of the technology. Respondents could further clarify their responses base on subgroups. Financial barriers could include initial capital to implement the systems or uncertainty about the return on investment. Organizational barriers were sub-divided in to physician didn’t want to, the physicians did not have the capacity to, or they feared there would be a loss of productivity during implementation. Legal barriers included fears of breaches of confidentiality, hackers, and legal liability. State of technology included failure to locate an EHR that could meet their needs or that the system would become obsolete to quickly. Their results show that 66% of physicians without EHR’s cited capital costs as a reason. The also responded with not finding a system to meet their needs, 54%, uncertainty about their return on the investment, 50%, and concern that a system would become obsolete, 44%. Physicians working in locations with EHRs tended to highlight the same barriers, though less frequently. The authors concluded that financial limitations are the greatest barrier to the adoption of electronic health records. They do admit that their study, like all surveys, could be subject to response bias. Burt (2005) also surveyed physicians, this time from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, a yearly survey conducted by the US census bureau. The authors were attempting to find correlations between EHR implementation and other statistics, such as age, practice size, and ownership (physician, physician group, or HMO). They used regression modeling and bivariate analysis of three years of survey data. They found that practices owned by HMOs were three times more likely to adopt EHR as single physician or group owned practices. Also, large physician group owned practices (20 or more) had an increased usage of EHR over small group and single physician owned. The authors reported that there were no variations due to practice size in the different ownership groups. Physicians’ age did not have any effect on EHR usage. The authors concluded that the ability of larger practices to spread the sizable investment required to purchase and implement the technology over more physicians and services was the largest factor in implementation EHR. Laerum (2001) was the first to look at how individual Physicians interact and use EHRs on an everyday basis. The conducted surveys and telephone interviews with physician in 32 units of 19 hospitals in Norway, because a much higher percentage of Norwegian hospitals use EHR, about 73%. The authors selected 23 possible common tasks a physician that could be assisted by or completed by an EHR. The also collected computer literacy data, respondent age and sex and overall satisfaction with the system. The authors found that very few of the possible tasks were being utilized in the EHR. The found that on average physicians were using EHR for 2 to 7 of the possible 23 tasks. Most of the tasks used related to reading patient data. The also found that the computer literacy rate was high (72. You read "Research Proposal Electronic Health Records" in category "Essay examples" 2/100) and there was no correlation with respondents age or sex. They gave the users satisfaction as a generally positive rating. Though demonstrating that physicians use EHR less than they could they gave no explanation as to why. Simon (2009) followed the same path as Laerum mentioned above, surveying physicians usage of EHR in practices that have systems deployed. The authors identified ten main functions available in EHR systems deployed in hospitals in Massachusetts. They attempted to determine if these ten functions were actually being utilized or if the physicians were still using paper. The authors deployed mail based surveys, in 2005 and 2007, to physician in Massachusetts. The surveys asked the practitioners if they had an EHR deployed in their hospital, if and how they used the EHR for the ten predetermined tasks, and simple demographic information. The authors found that while EHR deployment grew by 12% (from 23% to 35% of hospitals), the amount of usage self reported didn’t change. EHRs were still mostly being used for reading patient data, but there was a small increase in the use of electronic prescribing, with 19. 9% of physicians with this function available in 2005 using it most of the time, compared to 42. 6% in 2007. Linder (2006) expanded on this by asking why physicians aren’t using EHRs. The authors also conducted a survey of Partners Healthcare; which supports an internally developed, web based, fully functioning EHR called Longitudinal Medical Record. They also expanded their base to include nurses, nurse practitioners, and physicians. The survey contained basic demographic information, self-reporting skill level with the EHR, how often they used the EHR, and what they felt were barriers to their use of the system. Since this survey was contained to a system that had already implemented the EHR, the authors had removed the typical barriers of capital as reported above, but they still found that 25% never or rarely used the system, and less than 15% used the system exclusively every time, i. e. never took paper notes or wrote paper prescriptions. They found no correlation of EHR usage to age or gender, but did find that nurses were slightly less likely to use the system. The most uprising data was why practitioners said they didn’t use the EHR with 62% of respondents saying they didn’t want to suffer a loss of eye contact with the patients and 31% of respondents saying that they thought it was rude to use a computer in front of a patient. Other notable reasons were falling behind schedule at 52%, computer being to slow (49%), typing skill (32%), and preferring to write â€Å"long prose notes† (28%). This was the first study to identify social barriers to the adoption of EHR in professional settings. Since the majority of the research had been unable to identify simple solutions a series of workshops consisting of industry leaders were formed to study the problem. Kaplan (2009) reports that participants convened and discussed current issues and challenges with widespread adoption of EHR. The workshops conclude that while there are still some technical issues with Information technology in the health sector the main focus needs to shift to revealing sociological and cultural problems. Noteboom (2012) took a different method to determine barriers to EHR adoption; eschewing all previous research in to problems with the usage of EHRs. The authors decide to use an approach more commonly seen in social sciences called open coding, a type of grounded theory. This method is almost the complete revers of traditional research in that it starts with data collection. From this data, key points of text, in this case transcripts from case studies, are marked with a series of codes. These codes are anchors that allow key points of data to be gathered. The researcher can then use these key points to construct a theory or hypothesis. Noteboom started with simple interviews with physician, attempting to elicit â€Å"perceptions, meanings, feelings, reasons, and comments† about their interaction with EHRs. The interviewed physician at the Research Medical Center, Kansas City, and labeled the transcripts of these interviews. From these interviews the authors discovered that users of EHR fall victim to positive and negative work cycles. Positive cycles are ways in which the system helps the physician, i. e. quicker reading of patient data or mining historical data. Negative cycles are tasks that take longer like data entry, which was done by nurses prior to EHR implementation, or lack of specific functions for specialists, calculate rad dosage for radiation therapy. Design Our research methodology will consist of a case study of medical health professional, preferably physicians, physician assistants, nurses, and nurse practitioners, currently employed in an institute running EHRs. The primary data will be gathered through interviews to elicit perceptions on ability to adapt to and use new technology, feelings on the implementation of the technology, comments about the systems, and history of their technology use (to determine natives and immigrants). Secondary data will be collected by having competent users observing participants interaction with the system and evaluating their efficacy. Once the data has been collected it will be analyzed to determine if there is any correlation between digital natives and digital immigrants as it pertains to their use of EHR. Special attention will be paid to how often the system is used compared to the theoretical maximum and how efficient the practitioner is compared to how efficient they perceive they are. Requirements to conduct this study are small. All that is required are willing hospitals that have EHR systems installed, hopefully with a diverse staff spanning many age groups and experience levels. We would also require around 5 interviewers who are well versed in assessing software efficacy to conduct the interviews and gauge practitioners’ abilities on the EHR system. Statistical data will be calculated on IBM SPSS or similar. ? References Bates, D. W. , Ebell, M. , Gotlieb, E. , Zapp, J. , Mullins, H. C. (2003). A proposal for electronic medical records in US primary care. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 10(1), 1-10. Blumenthal, D. (2009). Stimulating the adoption of health information technology. New England Journal of Medicine, 360(15), 1477-1479. Burt, C. W. , Sisk, J. E. (2005). Which physicians and practices are using electronic medical records?. Health Affairs, 24(5), 1334-1343. DesRoches, C. M. , Campbell, E. G. , Rao, S. R. , Donelan, K. , Ferris, T. G. , Jha, A. , †¦ Blumenthal, D. (2008). Electronic health records in ambulatory care—a national survey of physicians. New England Journal of Medicine, 359(1), 50-60 Kohn, L. T. , Corrigan, J. , Donaldson, M. S. (2000). To err is human: building a safer health system (Vol. 6). Joseph Henry Press. Kaplan, B. , Harris-Salamone, K. D. (2009). Health IT success and failure: recommendations from literature and an AMIA workshop. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 16(3), 291-299. L? rum, H. , Ellingsen, G. , Faxvaag, A. (2001). Doctors’ use of electronic medical records systems in hospitals: cross sectional survey. Bmj, 323(7325), 1344-1348. Linder, J. A. , Schnipper, J. L. , Tsurikova, R. , Melnikas, A. J. , Volk, L. A. , Middleton, B. (2006). Barriers to electronic health record use during patient visits. In AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings (Vol. 2006, p. 499). American Medical Informatics Association Manos, D. (2009). New study shows few hospitals have comprehensive EHR. Healthcare IT News. McDonald, C. J. (1997). The barriers to electronic medical record systems and how to overcome them. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 4(3), 213-221. Noteboom, C. , Bastola, D. , Qureshi, S. (2012, January). Cycles of Electronic Health Records Adaptation by Physicians: How Do the Positive and Negative Experiences with the EHR System Affect Physicians’ EHR Adaptation Process?. In System Science (HICSS), 2012 45th Hawaii International Conference on (pp. 2685-2695). IEEE Prensky, M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants Part 2: Do they really think differently?. On the horizon, 9(6), 1-6 Simon, S. R. , Soran, C. S. , Kaushal, R. , Jenter, C. A. , Volk, L. A. , Burdick, E. , †¦ Bates, D. W. (2009). Physicians’ use of key functions in electronic health records from 2005 to 2007: a statewide survey. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 16(4), 465-470. Vishwanath, A. , Scamurra, S. D. (2007). Barriers to the adoption of electronic health records: using concept mapping to develop a comprehensive empirical model. Health Informatics Journal, 13(2), 119-134. How to cite Research Proposal Electronic Health Records, Essays

Free Solution Critical Analysis Of The Currency Carry Trade Strategy

Question: Critical analysis of the currency carry trade strategy employed in the financial world to leverage the high interest rate environment prevailing in a foreign market. Answer: Introduction A Carry trade strategy is a way to make money by borrowing a currency with a rather low interest rate, convert that currency to another currency or bonds in another country, and make money on the basis that the bought currency will increase in value, or the bought bond gives a higher interest, and then convert back to the original currency. When buying strictly in terms of currency it is crucial to make sure the exchange rate between the two currencies doesn't change in a negative way, because that way we could actually lose money. In our FX Carry Trade portfolio we have chosen to focus on the foreign exchange rate of AUD/USD. Our work will be based on historical data as well as recent data collected in EIKON, official government websites and various news sites. For the chosen foreign exchange rates we conducted a linear regression analysis. We collected historical data with a quarterly interval. The regression analysis is used by us because it demonstrates a simple way of analyzing data. We opted to input the inflation rates and interest rate of both Australia and The United States and analyzed on the percentage change. We refer to section 3 for the regressions. Our carry trade portfolio will be in the span of January 2016 - June 2016. As the interest rate in Australia is a lot higher than in USA we expect that our carry trade strategy will involve investing in Australian dollars since we get a higher profit over time and when calculating the forward spot rate we dont expect that number to have depreciated or appreciated enough to justify converting. In the latest year the AUD/USD foreign exchange rate has been up and down but on average on a stable level which also helps justifying the forward rate not being drastically changed at the end of our carry trade. Theoretical Models We have chosen the two commonly used theories which are the IRP and RPPP. These models are based on the interest rate of a country and the inflation rate of a country. 2.1 Relative Purchasing Power Parity The absolute purchasing power parity states that spot exchange rate is determined by the relative prices of similar prices of similar basket of goods (the Big Mac Index example). However, the relative purchasing power theory makes the statement that the relative change in prices between two countries over a period of time determines that period's change in the exchange rate. This is interesting because it takes the PPP theory a bit further. If spot exchange rate between two countries starts in equilibrium any change in the differential rate of inflation between the countries is often - over the long run - also equal, but opposite, change in the spot exchange rate. 2.2 Interest Rate Parity The interest rate parity (IRP) is a theory that links the foreign exchange markets and the international money markets. It states that the difference in national interest rates for bonds, securities etc. of similar risk and maturity should be equal to the forward rate premium or discount for the foreign currency. Basicly if you have a currency with an interest yield of 4.0 % and another currency with an 8.0 % interest yield, the forward premium is 3.96 % (you subtract transaction costs). The theory is relevant for our carry trade strategy because it can determine whether a certain currency is better off being converted to another currency or simply invested with the country's interest rate. 3- E-views Result: 3.1- IRP: Dependent Variable: EXCHANGE_RATE Method: Least Squares Date: 05/28/16 Time: 19:58 Sample (adjusted): 1995Q4 2015Q4 Included observations: 81 after adjustments Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. CASH_RATE -0.033821 0.006191 -5.462718 0.0000 C 0.850723 0.020604 41.28826 0.0000 R-squared 0.274173 Mean dependent var 0.771084 Adjusted R-squared 0.264985 S.D. dependent var 0.152852 S.E. of regression 0.131044 Akaike info criterion -1.202181 Sum squared resid 1.356636 Schwarz criterion -1.143059 Log likelihood 50.68834 Hannan-Quinn criter. -1.178461 F-statistic 29.84129 Durbin-Watson stat 0.184143 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000001 3.2- PPP: Dependent Variable: EXCHANGE_RATE Method: Least Squares Date: 05/28/16 Time: 20:09 Sample (adjusted): 1995Q4 2015Q4 Included observations: 80 after adjustments Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. UNEMPLOYMENT -0.030081 0.005825 -5.163990 0.0000 INFLATION_ 0.013209 0.003831 3.447452 0.0009 C 0.838803 0.020943 40.05092 0.0000 R-squared 0.367131 Mean dependent var 0.771216 Adjusted R-squared 0.350693 S.D. dependent var 0.153811 S.E. of regression 0.123941 Akaike info criterion -1.301251 Sum squared resid 1.182817 Schwarz criterion -1.211925 Log likelihood 55.05004 Hannan-Quinn criter. -1.265438 F-statistic 22.33407 Durbin-Watson stat 0.164007 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000000 3.3- The last model of combined : ( Inflation rate and Cash rate) Dependent Variable: EXCHANGE_RATE Method: Least Squares Date: 05/28/16 Time: 20:14 Sample (adjusted): 1995Q4 2015Q4 Included observations: 81 after adjustments Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. INFLATION_ 0.012770 0.003723 3.430215 0.0010 CASH_RATE -0.031008 0.005866 -5.286370 0.0000 C 0.835498 0.019832 42.12784 0.0000 R-squared 0.369312 Mean dependent var 0.771084 Adjusted R-squared 0.353141 S.D. dependent var 0.152852 S.E. of regression 0.122935 Akaike info criterion -1.317992 Sum squared resid 1.178811 Schwarz criterion -1.229308 Log likelihood 56.37866 Hannan-Quinn criter. -1.282411 F-statistic 22.83726 Durbin-Watson stat 0.175242 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000000 The last regression is the best result because of adjusted R-squared is more confident because it explains 35% of the model errors. more to discuss : CR -coefficient Level of Significance: a = 0.05 P-value: 0.000 0.05 So, this is significant as it is less than the 95% confidence threshold of 0.05. 3.4- Regression Equation: AUD/USD = b0 +b1 CASH RATE+b2 INFLATION RATE +t AUD/USD = (0.835)+( -0.031)+( 0.013) Where, b0= stationary = 0.835 b1=coefficient of CASH RATE : The exchange rate AUD/USD change by -3.1% in the same way for every unit change in the Cash Rate b2=coefficient of INFLATION RATE : The exchange rate AUD/USD change by 0.013 in the same way for every unit change in the INFLATION RATE. Methodology Various models have been formulated in order to ascertain the foreign exchange rate accurately. Regression model is used in this context due to its simplicity and ease of use. Cash rate and Inflation are two of the vital units which are used in the application of the model. These two units materially affect the determination of the exchange rate. Apart from this, there are other economic variables which are also considered in the model. These are variables such as the GDP of the nation and CPI rate that have a direct impact on the movement and determination of the exchange rate. For the purpose of this analysis, a set of data was taken to form the sample. The rate of changes in the exchange rate between AUD USD was taken as the dependent variable whereas other variables such as cash rate, CPI, GDP and inflation rate were considered independent variables. The independent variables have been assumed in percentage. Thereafter, all the resultant data was assessed with the help of E-view program which involved the application of different tests. The level of data significance was analyzed using various tests such as T-test, F-test and other statistical analysis while the regression model was used to construct the model. Regression analysis was performed repeatedly on the data set in order to help eliminate all the irrelevant factors. The best model is the one which gives less forecasting error in comparison to other models. Conclusion This report makes a critical analysis of the currency carry trade strategy employed in the financial world to leverage the high interest rate environment prevailing in a foreign market. As it is believed by certain financial experts that carry trade does not result in any significant gain since the return earned in a foreign currency is eroded through the interest rate parity. A critical analysis of this notion has been made with the help a regression model which predicts the exchange rate between AUD/USD at some time in future. For that a single equation has been derived and modelled with cash rate and interest rate as the independent variables with the exchange rate being the dependent variable. The results of the regression analysis gave the important parameters which needs to be used for a successful carry trade. Two relevant theoretical concepts have also been discussed in detail in this article namely Relative Purchasing Power Parity and Interest Rate Parity which form the basi s of currency carry trade. A thorough evaluation of all these factors covered in this report has helped in establishing a successful trading strategy. This work can act as a guiding material for any investor who wants to take advantage of high interest rate environment in the emerging markets through currency carry trade. Reference Lists Australian Financial Review 2016, Australia dollar slammed by inflation outlook, bonds surge, market, currency, viewed at 12 May 2016. Engel, C 2015, EXCHANGE RATES, INTEREST RATES, AND THE RISK PREMIUM. University of Wisconsin, NBER Working Paper No. 21042, viewed at 12 May 2016. Scutt, D 2016, Australia's trade deficit was larger than anyone thought in February, Business Insider Australia, Money Market, viewed at 12 May 2016.

kublai khan Essays - Marco Polo, Borjigin, , Term Papers

Marco Polo went on plenty of adventures well during his adventures he grew to know and study a man named Kublai Khan. Marco Poloheld Kublai in high regaurd he referred to him as Lord of lord. There was a great battle in which Kublai showed his swift yet calculated reaction. In no time at all Kublai assembled his army and got them ready. Marco respected kublai?s precaution and planning skills Nayan the enemy was taken by surprise he and his men were amazed at the precision and care that Kublai took to surround them on their homefront. The tradition is that the battle doesn?t begin until the horns and music have finished sounding the music is beautiful for the war that is about to take place. The battle was fought hard and kind of long it was from 9 to midday the arrows are described as black rain filling the sky horses and men lay across the ground fallen. A good amount of men were lost from both sides. Nayan realizing that there was a victor and it wasn?t him surrendered as well as t he rest of his men. He was put to death by being wrapped up in carpet and being tossed back and fourth until he passed It is said that The Khan did this so that his screams would not be heard on the ground and so his blood would not be spilled on the ground. I believe Marco really admired Kublai Khan?s military precision, experience, and intelligence. Religion Marco Polo observed how Kublai Khan thought about religion and his views on it. He had extraordinary views on religion Easter and Christmas Kublai would get 4 books of the prophets from the different treligions. Rewards Kublai rewarded his troops greatly for the battle against Naya which shows appreciation for his helper fighters. That is why he probably had such a strong Army and support sytem because he rewarded his troops you reward a child when they esxecute something properly rewarding your troops is a very good idea they strive to want to do better and are less likely to betray. He also gives them leadership independence. ? They can take whenever they please, and lead from place to place, the troops and horses of any prince or king. Kublai Kublai is from Marco Polo?s description a very beautiful man not too far gone with the looks. He has 4 wivesthat each have their title as emperesses they each have their own attendants. One of his wives has born a son which is to be the successor. Kublai has 22 sons 7 of which have their own kingdoms that they rule that are very large.

Farmers Suicides in India †A Bane To Agriculture

Farmers Suicides in India – A Bane To Agriculture Free Online Research Papers Agriculture is India’s lifeline. We must work towards strengthening it.The Indian Farmers should live long and prosper. Their families shall flourish in all aspects of life.We should contribute our efforts and life experiences to bring out the best in them and improve their quality of life. In the 1990s India woke up to a spate of farmers suicides. The first state where suicides were reported was Maharashtra. Soon newspapers began to report similar occurrences from Andhra Pradesh. Suicides in general, including farmers’ suicides, are a sad and complex phenomenon. Hence, their Underlying causes need to be addressed within an equally complex societal framework. In recent years, a large number of suicides have been reported, mostly resulting from the consumption of toxic pesticides by farmers in some cotton-growing districts of central and southern India. According to some official statistics, between 2001 and the summer of 2007, more than 4,500 cases of farmer suicides were reported in the four states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, and Maharashtra (Mukherjee 2007). Other sources have reported much higher figures: in particular, the National Social Watch, a coalition of civil society organizations, reports 11,387 farmer suicides in the same period in India, almost all in those four states (The Statesman 2007), while the National Crime Records Bureau reports more than 16,000 farmer suicides every year. In most cases, male farmers committed suicide after experiencing failed crops and increased indebtedness. The largest number of reported cases was concentrated in districts of northeast Maharashtra (Vidharba District), northwest Andhra P radesh, and northern Karnataka, where cotton was increasingly planted in the 1990s in response to demand generated by the large textile industry in Mumbai (Saunders2007). Over a lakh has been accounted and one in every eight hour is taking place. These numbers may look like the statistics of clientele build up of an upcoming BPO company, but unfortunately are the statistics of farmers suicide in India, the other side of an emerging Global economic giant. Excuses like Globalization, economic transition corrections and world economic scenario etc are surreal. The problem is our urban and neo urban ruling class and their laptop economic plans, whose agenda can never grow beyond statistics and stimulations. The crisis small farmers in India face as a result of globalization and government apathy. For the past ten years farmers have been committing suicide in Vidarbha, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka as in many other parts of India. More than 1.5 lakh farmers have committed suicide across the country in the last decade due to financial distress, as per government’s report to the Parliament of India. The main act of this tragedy started in mid 60s with the introduction of the Green Revolution. Earlier, farmers saved their own seeds and practiced organic farming. The money they invested on their farms was very little. But with Green Revolution farmers were asked to buy seeds, fertilizers and pesticides, forcing them to borrow, mostly from private money lenders at exorbitant interest rates. With every farming season their debt increased and over the course of years it led to a loan trap. The second phase of this tragic situation can be directly attributed to globalization. Under the WTO (World Trade Organization) regime, which favors wealthy industrialized countries, the Indian government has eliminated or reduced its support to farmers, while Indian agriculture is invaded by multinationals. In April 2007 an NGO named Green Earth Social Development Consulting brought out a report after doing an audit of the state and central government relief packages in Vidarbha. The reports conclusions were: Farmers demands were not taken into count while preparing the relief package. Neither were civil society organizations, local government bodies, panchayats etc consulted. The relief packages were mostly amalgamations of exiting schemes. Apart from the farmer helpline and the direct financial assistance, there was scarcely anything new being offered. Pumping extra funds into additional schemes shows that no new idea was applied to solve a situation where existing measures had obviously failed. The farmer helpline did not give any substantial help to farmers. The basis for selection of beneficiaries under the assistance scheme was not well-defined. Also, type of assistance to be given led to problems like a farmer needing a pair of bullocks getting a pump set and vice versa (or a farmer who has no access to water sources being given pump sets) Awareness regarding the package was also fairly low. Thus, suicides are supposed to be the last steps of desperation, apparently driven by growing burden of debt. Its time that we, the people call up on the power for solutions. We do not want anymore farmer suicide. By: Prof.Jasmeet Kaur MBA VNS (IT) Research Papers on Farmers Suicides in India – A Bane To AgriculturePETSTEL analysis of IndiaArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Genetic EngineeringNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeEffects of Television Violence on Children

Coryphodon - Facts and Figures

Coryphodon - Facts and Figures Name: Coryphodon (Greek for peaked tooth); pronounced core-IFF-oh-don Habitat: Swamps of the northern hemisphere Historical Epoch: Early Eocene (55-50 million years ago) Size and Weight: Up to seven feet long and half a ton, depending on species Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Squat body; quadrupedal posture; semiaquatic lifestyle; exceptionally small brain About Coryphodon A mere 10 million years after the dinosaurs went extinct, the first giant mammals, the pantodonts, appeared on the planetand among the biggest pantodonts was Coryphodon, the largest species of which only measured about seven feet long from head to tail and weighed half a ton, but still counted as the largest land animals of their day. (Its important to remember that mammals didnt suddenly spring into existence after the K/T Extinction; they existed alongside bigger dinosaurs for most of the Mesozoic Era, but in small, shrew-like form, cowering in the tops of trees or burrowing underground for shelter.) Coryphodon wasnt the first identified pantodont of North America, however; that honor belongs to the slightly smaller Barylambda. Coryphodon and its fellow pantodonts seem to have lived like modern hippopotami, spending a large part of their day in weed-choked swamps and uprooting plants with their powerful necks and heads. Possibly because efficient predators were in short supply during the early Eocene epoch, Coryphodon was a relatively slow, lumbering beast, equipped with an unusually small brain (only a handful of ounces compared to its 1,000-pound bulk) that beckons comparison with those of its sauropod and stegosaur predecessors. Still, this megafauna mammal managed to populate most of North America and Eurasia during its five million years on earth, making it a true success story of the early Cenozoic Era. Because it was so widespread, and left so many fossil specimens, Coryphodon is known by a bewildering array of species and outmoded genus names. Within the last century, it has been synonymized with the would-be pantodonts Bathmodon, Ectacodon, Manteodon, Letalophodon, Loxolophodon and Metalophodon, and various species were described by the famous 19th-century American paleontologists Edward Drinker Cope and Othniel C. Marsh. Even after decades of pruning, there are over a dozen named Coryphodon species; there used to be as many as fifty!

Remeron Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Remeron - Essay Example In a 2005 study, Versiani et al. conducted an active RCT to determine the effectiveness of Remeron in the treatment of patients with severe depression in comparison with fluxotine (Prozac), a commonly prescribed treatment. In reviewing the literature the authors stated that earlier studies had determined that Remeron "increases noradrenergic and serotonergic neurotransmission via central 2-adrenoceptor blockade while blocking central serotonin 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptors" (Versiani et al., 2005, p. 138). These studies have shown that this action reduces risk of adverse reaction to Remeron while resulting in a reduction of stress and positive effects on the patients' sleep patterns. The current study, following rigorous design to ensure the validity of the findings, showed that Mirtazapine (Remeron) was as effective as Prozac at treating severe depression with no statistical differences in adverse reactions. The beneficial effects of Remeron in reducing stress were shown to take affect much more quickly with than the subjects treated with Prozac.

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management - Essay Example Like most economies, the UK practices a system where most critical social services are provided by the government (Engineers, 2008). Education and healthcare sectors are some of the areas where the government plays very imperative roles. However, with a growing budget deficit that continues to raise concerns, austerity measures become inevitable. The United Kingdom, with its expanding public sector coupled with a growing population, has been forced to borrow severally to finance its budget deficits. Such continued borrowing may have long-term impacts on the economy considering that the debts have to be repaid. In such a case, the austerity measures advocated for by most policy advisors become necessary. It certainly becomes a plus to the many private firms across the country as new opportunities will emerge in product and service delivery. However, in light of the recent street protests against the proposals to cut government spending, several considerations emerge. Several hospitals in the UK are already bogged down by numbers courtesy of the cuts that greatly impact on the quality of social services. The education system in the country has for several years been one of the best in the world (Al-Mazrouei, 2001). This attribute emerges out of the great support that the government allocates to the basic services like education, water and healthcare. It therefore becomes imperative that several considerations be made before any major government spending is practicated. In most cases, increased taxes are normally dreaded by the public. Nevertheless, a government that effectively uses the tax money on proper policies that impact positively on the masses certainly faces little antipathy towards its social reform policies. The UK’s situation in indeed one of the most notable cases in the entire world. It demands greater government intervention which can only be attained through proper spending policies. In its bid to exercise its mandate in the establishment o f the lending base rate that guides the interest rates in England, the Bank of England’s monetary policy Committee faces myriad challenges in its approach to the whole issue (Tennant, 2009). The essence of setting the base rate is basically to ensure price stability in the country and to limit variations in the various interest rates across the country. In light of the emerging economic challenges that continue to bedevil the world, it is inevitable that economic priorities too need to change with a view of addressing the whole issue. Currently, the Committee’s main focus is keeping the interest rates at the basement levels with a view of economic expansion. In the recent years, it is indeed true that an inflation overshot has characterized the UK economy as the Banks pretence that the situation will return to normalcy in two years only help to escalate the tensions that emerge in policy circles. However, in view of this challenge, the basic challenge that confronts th e Bank of England needs to be understood. The excess price and output volatilities are issues that must be addressed in tandem with the inflationary extremities (Giuseppi, 2008). The high inflation rates in the country have greatly influenced the performance of many firms. As the borrowing rates become unbearable, most commercial firms are reconsidering their

Personal Development Essay Example for Free

Personal Development Essay On starting this module I was quite looking forward to undertaking it. There seemed to be a number of issues that appealed and as it has a personal perspective to it the appeal was greater. During this assignment I hope to be objective in my findings and evaluate my discovery on personal development within the three perspectives. I also like to understand the impact on the different perspective and how the influence both personal an professional growth. 1. Apply the three theoretical perspectives in relation to personal development.   Psychodynamic:  Freud is the founder of psychotherapy, treatments such as free assocuation and analysis of the id, ego and superego were the way to deal with the consciousn/ uncocious psyche. Howerver current practitioners continue to use Freuds approaches albeit with more supportive techniques. It is now understood that psychotherapy is more effective when it leads to incresed self-knowledge and awareness. Other maintain object relations are more suited to change habitual practices. In terms of the three theoretical perspective on my own personal development, I have identified the following in Psychodynamic: Altruism: I have on many occassions put aside my own emotional needs by meeting to the extream the needs of others, more times than often meeting their needs FIRST.  Avoidance: I have openly spoken of how I use avoidance to distance myself from a person or situation. It prevents me getting personally involve or attached, and has been a tacktic used since childhood.  Compensation: I overcompensate my disability (dyslexia) by studying as many subject as possible usually all at the same time. At the time it seem irrational, but personaly there is a need to prove I am a person having a disabilty ..I am not disabled (or stupid) Denial: I am in denial about so many thingsI dont know what they are!  Idealization : I idealise about all the things I am going to accomplish, albeit far from the realilty of me being able to do so. I often think it is about me being a dreamer and creative, the reality is it To dream the impossible dream  Introjection: I was once told, If you walk like a General, talk like a general and dress like a General people will treat and repect you like one. I often do that and give the impression of being calm, logical, organised etc, when most of the time I am nervious irrational and disorganised (especially on the inside). The personal impact is one of acknowledging my defenses and growth towards the ideal self in order to form a theraputic alayance with the client.  The impact on the client is will be based on my appraoch having acknowledge within myself the transference and changes I am experiencing.  Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT):  This theory is the type of psychotherapy that is used in treating depression, anxiety, phobias and other kinds of mental disorder. CBT can help you to change how you think and what you do. These changes can help you to feel better. Unlike some of the other talking treatments, it focuses on the here and now problems and difficulties. Instead of focussing on the causes of your distress or symptoms in the past, it looks for ways to improve your state of mind now. Because CBT concentrates on behaviour this can be best dealt with when the client understands what views are held as rational and what perceptions are irrational.  A central aspect of Rational thinking is that it is based on fact, not simply our assumptions made. Often, we upset ourselves about things when, in fact, the situation is not like we think it is. If we knew that, we would not waste our time upsetting ourselves. I am trained to use Cognitive Behavioural Therapy when working in PST (Psycho-Sexual Therapy) and find it a difficult practice in as it sometimes conflicts with my personality and approach. Here is how Ive identified CBT for my personal development.  CBT is based on the scientific fact that our thoughts cause our feelings and behaviours. I am a great thinker and within my development have taken on the positive comments a member of the group has brought to my reflection. This is considered the fastest in terms of results obtained. (Average number of sessions around 16). This is very difficult for me, as I often get bored and impatient when the client is not making process. I am also a perfectionist and very strict in my expectations of the completing a task in such a limited time scale. I am learning not to be so hard or impatient with clients. Having said that this model compels me to work in a logical and cognitive state and the group in their observation of me often identifies this. The personal impact CBT will have for me is one of being direct and functioning in Adult ego state. This will enable be to practice being logical and direct as the model requires. (Not critical parent or perfectionist)  The impact on the client will be that they will feel confident and at ease in my intervention. Being able to rationalise and undertake homework to bring about change.

Nolan Ryan vs. Greg Maddux :: essays research papers

Nolan Ryan vs. Greg Maddux   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nolan Ryan and Greg Maddux are two of the greatest pitchers to have played the game of baseball. They were both the top pitchers of their respective leagues and played in many all-star games. This brings up a question of which one is the better pitcher. The only way to find this out is to compare their stats and to compare the different time periods in which they pitched. While comparing stats you have to remember that these two pitchers have completely different styles. Nolan Ryan was a power pitcher and Greg Maddux was a finesse pitcher. A power pitcher throws a lot of fast ball pitches that he tries to throw by the batter any way he possibly can. The finesse pitcher has off speed pitches that he throws for location around the plate rather than just trying to throw past the batter. I would have to say that Greg Maddux is the better pitcher of the two. He has pitched great baseball through what will be remembered as a hitter’s era.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Greg Maddux   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  in his career has only played in one league, the National League. When he broke into the â€Å"show† he came in with the Chicago Cubs. Greg was with the Cubs for a short time and then left on free agency and settled in with the Atlanta Braves. He has had many great years with the Atlanta Braves with many more still to come. Nolan Ryan Played for four different teams through his 24 year career. Nolan started his carrer with the New York Mets (National League), then California Angles (American League), then Houston Astros (National League), and ended his career with the Texas Rangers (American League). Greg Maddux has received four Cy Young Awards in his thirteen-year career. The Cy Young Award is the award that is given to the best pitcher for the year. Nolan Ryan never received a single Cy Young Award. This is an especially hard accomplishment now. The recent years in baseball have been the biggest offensive years that the sport has ever seen. There has been more batters with 30, 40, or 50 homeruns than there has any other time in history. Greg Maddux has to face at least one thirty-homerun man every time he pitches and still has a career e.r.a. (earned run average) of 2.75. Ryan’s career e.r.a. is 3.19 and he did not have to face as many hitters that could hurt a pitcher.

Is It Important to Vote

A democracy is a place where everyone has rights and freedoms. Freedom of speech, religion, the right to hold public office and the right to vote. Also a place where government is by the people and for the people. The United Kingdom is a representative democracy. This means that everyone over the age of 18 can vote in elections, and the people they elect then represent their interests and make the decision. It’s important for everyone to vote because the representatives decide what taxes you will pay.Also they form the government/council which decides all sorts of major issues such as education, laws, and the police. If people stopped voting, there would probably be a dictatorship where many freedoms would be taken away. If we don’t vote ordinary people are involved in political parties and in national/local government, they can be taken over by people who may represent a minority interest. People’s rights and freedoms are preserved by elected representatives so it is important many people, as possible vote.To vote is to give a voice in playing a role in positive change. Many men and women died for our right to vote, as well as the other rights we now take for granted. Women could not vote for many years because they were not considered an important part of decision making. Such as the suffragettes fought for female votes which was achieved in success in 1918. In some countries today some people do not have a choice to vote. Black people in South Africa were not able to vote until 1994.Also there are some dictatorships in some countries like Syria, Afghanistan and Libya. Now we all have a responsibility to make the world a better place and we now have the right to do so. Women more than ever now should apply their right to vote. All policies are made by the elected officials we get into office. All policies affect each and every citizen. I think it's important to vote  because of the great amount of power politicians have – particu larly the control they have over our society of everyday life: education, health, policing and social services.A general election is the public's big chance to change how society is run. We should read the news and understand the direction our country is going in. Education is serious, many other countries are way ahead of us and we are falling behind. We have rising educational costs with colleges, which require effective solutions to ensure that we have educated adults entering the work force, without the funds available many will not get the education and the country will suffer. We are either part of the problem or part of the solution.

Antonio Vivaldi: Introductory Concepts

Introductory Concepts Composed by Antonio Vivaldi,† L’inverno† (Winter) is the fourth concerto of a set of violin concertos named â€Å"Le Quattro Stagioni† (The four seasons) that belong to a more complex work titled â€Å"Il cimento dell’armonia e dell’inventione† (The Contest of Harmony and Invention) (Grasmeier) . The structure of this piece is in ternary form. The piece begins with a fast tempo and then slows down to finish fast and loud again. Vivaldi makes use of variety in this â€Å"Winter† composition through dynamic when the music suddenly changes its volume and also through changes in pace.Although this concert is performed only by string instruments (mainly violins) he also achieves variety by using different techniques among the instruments (like pizzicato). Vivaldi’s â€Å"Winter† is considered a program music which means it must tell a story. I believe he is able to evoke cold, ice, chattering teeth, shivering bodies, and wind. Beginning with a fast pace seems like a big storm is about to come, when the violins go in crescendo it feels almost like some people are running to get shelter, and the pizzicatos reminded me of shivering.I also believe that the high pitch of the violins helps to give the image of coldness. This masterpiece is played by an instrumental ensemble, more specifically, an orchestra and has a violin solo. The instruments involved are string instruments (violin being the predominant). The main melody or Idea A is played very loud and the violin solo is executed with bravura which gives more heart to the music. In all, I believe that this composition serves its purpose of creating mood and is also very delightful to listen to.

French people Essay Example

French people Essay Example French people Essay French people Essay The representatives of the French people, constituted into a National Assembly, considering that ignorance, forgetting or contempt of the rights of man are the sole causes of public misfortunes and of the corruption of governments, are resolved to expose [i.e., expound], in a solemn declaration, the natural, inalienable and sacred rights of man, so that that declaration, constantly present to all members of the social body, points out to them without cease their rights and their duties; so that the acts of the legislative power and those of the executive power, being at every instant able to be compared with the goal of any political institution, are very respectful of it; so that the complaints of the citizens, founded from now on in simple and incontestable principles, turn always to the maintenance of the Constitution and to the happiness of all. The opening line of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen enunciates the primary motivation for its creation.   A fundamental document that was the product of the French Revolution, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen espouses what the National Assembly considered as the natural and inalienable rights of man.   Arguing that the individual and collective rights of all of the individuals in all the estates of the realm are universal, this declaration is the answer of the National Assembly against the abuse of power that occurred during the French Revolution.   It was a crucial declaration that paved the way for the institution of a Constitutional Monarchy. : It must be remembered that the French Revolution was major turning point in European History as it signaled the end of aristocracy and marked the age of western Democracy.   The citizens of a nation were no longer to be regarded as servants but as a dominant political force in determining policies of a nation (Doyle, 2002).   There are many interrelated causes for the French Revolution.   Perhaps the single most obvious cause was the rising ambition of bourgeoisie class who were allied with the lower class folk in their attempt to overthrow what was then perceived as an oppressive monarchy in France during that period (McPhee, 2002).   With the hardships that the peasant class experienced during those times, the bourgeoisie was easily able to manipulate them and gain their support.   The fiscal crises that ensued due to the insolvency of the French monarchy led to massive poverty and hunger in France and further attempts to remedy the situation by imposing higher taxes fina lly caused the lower classes to overthrow the rulers of France (Doyle, 2002). The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen was important for the National Assembly to issue because it was the first step in creating the constitution of France.   Prepared by Marquis de Lafayette, this Declaration spearheaded the efforts for reform and was later replaced by the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen of 1793.   It also defined the individual and collective rights that all Estates of the Realm were to be granted.   Since it was influenced heavily by the Doctrine of Natural Rights, the rights that were granted through the Declaration were argued to be universal in its application, being granted to everyone, even to those who were not from the nobility or the clergy. This removal of any distinctions as to class was critical at this juncture in the French Revolution because this was one of the main causes for the revolution in the first place.   The abuses that the nobility and certain members of the clergy committed against those of lower stature had become too much that the citizens decided to revolt.   â€Å"Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be founded only upon the general good.†Ã‚   It is clear that the declaration manifested several of the sentiments that the citizenry had for the nobility and accordingly addressed them by making the declarations contained therein. As the first step in paving the way for a constitutional monarchy, the National Assembly saw it as imperative that such a declaration be issued; â€Å"All the citizens, being equal in the eyes of the law, are equally admissible to all public dignities, places, and employments, according to their capacity and without distinction other than that of their virtues and of their talents†.   The principles that are contained in the declaration clearly show this was an essential preparatory step to the establishment of a new type of government.   As such, it was also essential that certain important provisions be included so that the public would be more accepting of such. Drawing on several political philosophies, the Declaration of the rights of man and citizen, was influenced by the philosophical and political principles that were prevalent during the Age of Enlightenment, more particularly individualism and the social contract of John Locke.   This radical re-ordering of society was necessary according to the National Assembly.   The Doctrine of Popular Sovereignty and Equal Opportunity had struck a pleasing chord among the masses and the National Assembly realized that for any change to take place it had to have overwhelming public support. Another reason why it was important to issue the declaration of the rights of man and citizen was because of the fact that it was to be used as the framework for the new government that the National Assembly sought to establish.   In the French Model, the nobility existed for the sole purpose of governance so that there would be a common factor that united the people and helped them progress in a singular direction.   These governments exhibited a certain structure wherein there was a single ruler or head that gave the decrees and orders and determined what laws were to be established.   There was no separation of powers as is characterized by the more modern forms of government that exist around the world at the present.   All powers, executive, legislative and judicial, were more often embodied in a single person or head.   As the events leading up to the French Revolution have shown, this was a bad precedent and has been corrected by the separation of powers to prevent t he abuse by the solitary head or ruler. As such, the declaration clearly set out to define the principle of sovereignty.   It was crucial that the principle of sovereignty was defined as being inherent in the Nation.   To prevent further abuses of power, the declaration made provisions to ensure that nobody was deprived of their sovereign rights.   Being inherent, it recognized that everyone was equal.   This was in stark contrast to the previous assertions concerning the divine right of kings.   The French Monarchy claimed that the authority that the ruler or head exercised was said to have been derived from a much higher being or one form of deity or another.   The power to rule over the people was never claimed, until later years, to be from the common will of the masses but rather was authority that was handed down from God and therefore unquestionable.   This practice was common in most governments until after the Middle Ages when the European societies gave rise to new religions and the birth of the Ame rican civilization.   As such, this provision was included in order to prevent further abuses.   By arguing that power lay with the people and was not bestowed upon a certain class, it protected the masses from future abuses by those in power. Historically, the lower class of French society had few rights, if any.   They did not have the same privileges as the upper classes and were frequently the victims of abuse.   In order to institute the reform that was needed, the National Assembly had to provide this class of society with a sense of identity.   As such, the declaration made sure that these individuals could no longer be trampled on or taken advantage of by those of the First and Second Estates.   The abolition of any distinction and the establishment of sovereignty as being inherent in the members of the States provided the former members of the Third Estate with the identity to participate in the determination of the their nation’s political identity. Rights such as Fair Hearing and Due Process were no longer reserved for the privileged few but were inalienable rights inherent in every citizen.   In cases wherein they would not be properly represented, the National Assembly provided the declaration to ensure that they would be able to freely exercise their right to be heard.   Regarding the issue of taxation, the Third Estate were also protected so that everyone was subject to such tax equally.   As laborers, the Third Estate were also granted protections under law to prevent them from being abused. The declaration of the rights of man and citizen was a crucial piece of legislation that the National Assembly needed to issue in order to facilitate the transition into a Constitutional Monarchy.   By granting the members of the Third Estate with a new identity and with more rights under the law, the National Assembly radically changed the political landscape and thus made it possible for the French Revolution to finally end. References: Doyle, W. (2002) Oxford history of the French Revolution, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press Furet, Francois (1996) The French Revolution 1770-1814 2nd Edition Oxford Blackwell, pp 3-101 944.04 Fur. McPhee, P. (2002) The French Revolution, 1789-1799, Oxford: Oxford University Press Owen, Connelly (1999) The French Revolution and the Napoleonic Era 3rd Edition; London, Thompson Learning, Chapters 1-3 Palmer, R. (1959) The Age of the Democratic Revolution: A Political History of Europe and America, 1760-1800. vol 1 nbsp;

Aristotle In Virtue Ethics

Aristotle In Virtue Ethics Aristotle was a Greek philosopher, scientist as well as logician who lived between 384 and 322 BC. Aristotle is highly regarded as one of the famous thinkers in various fields such as political theory. He is an ancient thinker who was an effective contributor together with his teacher Plato. His desire and contribution started at an early age, at the time he was in school ‘in Plato’s academy in Athens’. He has moved places in search of philosophical and biological knowledge. He moved to places such as Asia and Lesbos. His life was known to have the greatest influence to his political thought. Through his travelling, he had various experiences in different kinds of political systems and hence gained a lot in the field of politics. Not only in history he also made an effective contribution to other areas such geography whereby he concluded that the earth was round instead of the earlier believe that it was flat. Aristotle contribution has been of great positive eff ect to man’s life and even in today’s community there are still his findings ‘which are applicable’. One of the many areas that Aristotle contributed and his contribution was noted ‘is the topic on virtue ethics? Briefly virtue ethics is concerned with traits of characters that are found to be essential for human flourishing. Virtue ethics emphasizes the role played an individual’s character and also the virtues that determine his behavior. It forms the basis to normative ethics ‘which the opposite of deontology’. According to Aristotle, happiness is referred is an activity, hence referring it a way of life and it is depicted on how we act and not how or whom we are. The general concept behind virtue ethics is that it looks into what the individual should choose to be rather than depending on the external factors to change a person. People have the power to choose what they ought to be rather than depend solely such as culture. Vi rtue ethics is currently one of three major approaches in normative ethics. It looks more into the moral character rather than duties and rules (deontology) or rather one that deals with consequences of actions simplified as consequentialism. According to Aristotle, virtue means excellence happiness whereby people can only be happy when they have fulfilled their basic function or purpose. People need to act well and practice reasoning. Aristotle divided virtue into intellectual and the moral virtues. According to Aristotle the highest target of all people is directed by happiness which he defined as continuous contemplation of the internal and external truth. This happiness is attained trough virtuous life as well as development of wisdom and reason. An individual needs sufficient external goods to ensure opportunity for virtuous action. Virtuous acts need mindful choice and moral reason or inspiration. However, moral virtue cannot be achieved abstractly but rather requires moral ac tion in any social environment. Both ethics and politic are close to each other as Aristotle refers to politics like a science of making the society in which people can have the good life as they develop their full potential. Despite the work of Aristotle, he tries hard to convince us what is virtuous. This has differed from the teaching from the modern moral philosophers. This is because he put very little effort on the moral development of individuals. For one to be a good person he needs to practice so as to gain the good habit and the virtue is a good state of soul that is acquired through habit of an individual.

Analysing tourism and Hospitality Organisation Essay

Analysing tourism and Hospitality Organisation - Essay Example It is also considered to be one of the major divers towards the development of economic conditions and employment opportunities for both developing and developed countries in today’s modern day context. In UK, tourism and hospitality industry is regarded as a major business sector assisting towards the development of the economic conditions (Kapiki, 2012). Forecasting the advantages of rapidly growth demand in this particular sector, Thomas Cook Group Plc commenced its business operations in the year 1841. The company is one of the renowned and oldest British companies offering services in relation to leisure travel to the global customers. The company is observed to be serving around 23 million customers on an annual basis. The company is mainly focused on the process of transforming its business activities with the objective of offering customers with more innovative and superior quality services or innovative products. The major objective of the company is therefore confine d to attract customers or tourists to have a better tourism experience. The company seeks that its customers are offered with innovative and quality services. The ultimate aim of the company is to meet as well as provide services or products beyond the expectations of its targeted customers. The company with effective management of business operations has planned to improve profitability and reduce operational costs [1] (Thomas Cook, 2012). In this regard, Thomas Cook has planned and implemented various strategies with the intention of accomplishing the determined objectives or aims successfully. The company has developed strategies in relation to hotel concepts, ‘products and service innovation’, ‘single customer gateway’ and ‘execution supported by brand and technology’ which are being elaborated below. International Hotel Concept Thomas Cook has undertaken this strategy with the intention of expanding and developing its business operations i n the international market segments. Moreover, the company has adopted this strategy in order to collaborate with various international hotels. This strategy is expected to assist the company in offering better quality services and room facilities to customers. The company possesses various hotel concepts in continental as well as Northern European regions which include Sunwing, Smartline and Sentido. Furthermore, these hotels’ concepts are planned to be expanded in order to provide better accommodation services to customers [2] (Thomas Cook, 2013). Product and Service Innovation Thomas Cook has devised plans as well as strategies with the objective of offering better trusted and innovative products and/or services to its customers. The company, with the assistance of this strategy, aims at providing better packaged holiday programs for travellers along with better accommodation and travelling services. The customers are also offered with ‘high tech services’ to assist its customers in developing community relationships, where customers can share their experiences and investigate about the services delivered by the company. In this context, the company expects that customers will be able to identify the best services offered and will subsequently, motivate customers to make repeat purchases; thus, retaining the loyal buyers [2] (Thomas Cook, 2013). Single Customer Gateway Thomas Cook has formulated and adopted the strategy of Single Customer Gateway with the intention of facilitating customers to have access to a varied range of products